STUDI FENOMENOLOGI: MEKANISME KOPING ANGGOTA KELUARGA YANG MERAWAT ANAK SKIZOFRENIA (Phenomenological Study: Family Members Coping MechanismsTreatingSchizophreniaChildren)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55129/jnerscommunity.v6i2.43Abstract
ABSTRAK
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           Mekanisme koping merupakan upaya yang dilakukanuntukmengadaptasi stresor,dan dalam pelaksanaannya dapat dilakukan secara konstruktifmaupundestruktif. Anggota keluarga yang merawat anak skizofrenia memerlukan mekanisme koping agar tidak jatuh dalam kondisi stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi mekanisme koping anggota keluarga yang merawat anak skizofrenia (13-18 tahun).
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Gresik bulan Juli 2015. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan paradigma fenomenologi interpretif. Pemilihan partisipan dengan purposive sampling sebanyak 7 partisipan. Dengan kriteria partisipan: (1) memiliki pengalaman merawat anak skizofrenia minimal 1 tahun, (2) sehat secara fisik dan psikologis, (3) bersedia ikut sebagai partisipan, (4) dapat menceritakan pengalamannya dengan baik. Analisis data menurut Van Manen (1990) (1) Mempertahankan keaslian dari pengalaman hidup atau fenomena(2) Menginvestigasi pengalaman yang ada berdasarkan fenomena (3) Merefleksikan tema-tema esensial yang menjadi karakteristik dari sebuah fenomena (4) Mendeskripsikan dan menuliskan ulang fenomena.
Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan delapan tema yang mewakili bagaimana mekanisme koping anggota keluarga yang merawat anak skizofrenia. Tema terdiri dari gejala skizofrenia sebagai stresor, efek stresor terhadap perasaan, tindakan dalam merawat, perubahan selama merawat, harapan anggota keluarga yang merawat, strategi koping, hambatan anggota keluarga yang merawat dan perilaku adaptasi. Mekanisme koping yang digunakan anggota keluarga didapatkan adanya problem focused coping dan emotional focused coping. Adaptasi yang dilakukan adalah adaptasi adaptif dan maladaptif.
Berdasar hasil penelitian ini disarankan bagi anggota keluarga yang merawat anak skizofrenia untuk menggunakan koping yang adaptif, sehingga tetap dapat merawat anak dengan baik.
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Kata kunci: Mekanisme Koping, Anggota Keluarga, Anak Skizofrenia
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ABSTRACT
              Coping mechanisms is the effort made to adapt to stressors, and the implementation can be done constructively or destructively. Family members who care for children with schizophrenia require coping mechanisms that do not fall under stressful conditions. This study aims to explore the coping mechanisms of family members caring for children skizofrena (13-18 years). In Gresik July 2015.              This research is qualitative using an interpretive phenomenological paradigm.Selection of participants by purposive sampling as much as 7 participants. With participants criteria: (1) have experience taking care of children with schizophrenia at least 1 year, (2) healthy physically and psychologically, (3) are willing to participate as a participant, (4) can recounts well. Analysis of the data by Van Manen (1990) (1) Maintaining the authenticity of the experience of life or phenomena (2) Investigate the experience that is based on the phenomenon (3) Reflects the themes essential characteristic of a phenomenon (4) Describe and rewrite the phenomenon.
 Results of this study found eight themes that represent how the coping mechanisms of family members who care for children with schizophrenia. The theme consists of the symptoms of schizophrenia as a stressor, the effect of stressors on the feelings, acts of caring, changes during caring, hope family members caring, coping strategies, barriers to family members who care and behavioral adaptations. Coping mechanisms used family members found the problem focused coping and emotional focused coping. Adaptation is done is an adaptation of adaptive and maladaptive.
Based on the results of this study suggested for family members who care for children with schizophrenia to use adaptive coping, so it still can care for the child properly.
Keywords: Coping Mechanisms, Member of the Family, Child Schizophrenia
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